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The research on autophagy progressed with an outstanding pace, and to date, an ample number of autophagy-related (Atg) genes (more than 30) have been identified. selective autophagy: autophagy is a natural intracellular catabolic activity that helps cell in the removal of unwanted substances and recycling of cellular components while selective autophagy selectively target several specific cargos including various organelles, cellular substances, and protein aggregates. Autophagy-defects or deficiency may result in several ailments including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac diseases, diabetes, reproductive abnormalities, and even infertility. Autophagy is not only important for supplying energy to starving cells instead, it is very crucial for the smooth physiological integrity of the cells. Afterward, the resultant autophagosome is fused with the lysosome to form an autolysosome to finally break down the desired substance (Figure 1). In the subsequent step, autophagosome is formed as a result of an extension of the phagophore, sequestrate of cytoplasmic contents/organelles, and finally, the closure of both ends. This process begins with the formation of a double-membrane cup-like structure named phagophore in response to stress circumstances (i.e., nutrient scarcity). Autophagy: A Brief OverviewДЄutophagy is a conserved intracellular degradative process conserved from very simple organisms (yeast) to highly complex animals (mammals). Moreover, in the last part of this review, we have discussed some of the pathological states due to the accumulation of these LDs and their possible treatments under the light of currently available findings. In addition to it, we have tried to answer most of the possible questions related to lipophagy regulation at different levels. In this review, we have reviewed the current literature about how lipid droplets (LDs) are recruited towards lysosomes, cross-talk between a variety of autophagy receptors present on LD surface and lysosomes, and lipid hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes.

This selective form of autophagy employs lysosomes for the maintenance of cellular lipid homeostasis. Therefore, these lipids are continuously recycled and redistributed by the process of selective autophagy specifically termed as lipophagy. Despite their significance, lipid accumulation may result in lipotoxicity, impair autophagy, and lysosomal function that may lead to certain diseases and metabolic syndromes like obesity and even cell death. Lipids are integral cellular components that act as substrates for energy provision, signaling molecules, and essential constituents of biological membranes along with a variety of other biological functions.

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